| Model Type | | text-to-text, large language model, decoder-only |
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| Use Cases |
| Areas: | | Research, Commercial applications |
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| Applications: | | Text generation, Chatbots, Conversational AI, Text summarization, NLP research, Language learning tools, Knowledge exploration |
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| Primary Use Cases: | | Question answering, Summarization, Reasoning |
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| Limitations: | | Biases or gaps in training data, Context and task complexity, Language ambiguity, Factual accuracy, Common sense limitations |
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| Considerations: | | Guidelines for responsible use and exploration of de-biasing techniques. |
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| Additional Notes | | The document also covers the ethical considerations and specific risks in developing open LLMs. |
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| Supported Languages | | English (High proficiency) |
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| Training Details |
| Data Sources: | | Web Documents, Code, Mathematics |
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| Data Volume: | |
| Methodology: | |
| Hardware Used: | |
| Model Architecture: | | State-of-the-art open models from Google. |
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| Safety Evaluation |
| Methodologies: | | Red-teaming, Human evaluation |
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| Findings: | | Text-to-Text Content Safety, Text-to-Text Representational Harms, Memorization, Large-scale harm |
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| Risk Categories: | | Harassment, Violence, Gore, Hate speech |
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| Ethical Considerations: | | Ensuring exclusion of harmful and illegal content. |
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| Responsible Ai Considerations |
| Fairness: | | Careful scrutiny of input data pre-processing and posterior evaluations. |
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| Transparency: | | Model card provides architecture, capabilities, limitations, and evaluation processes. |
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| Accountability: | | Google is accountable for ensuring models are responsibly developed and maintained. |
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| Mitigation Strategies: | | Continuous monitoring and exploration of de-biasing techniques and content safeguards. |
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| Input Output |
| Input Format: | |
| Accepted Modalities: | |
| Output Format: | | Generated English-language text |
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| Performance Tips: | | Ensure pre-installed libraries like transformers for optimal model operation. |
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