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Pythia 410M by EleutherAI

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Pythia 410M is an open-source language model by EleutherAI. Features: 410m LLM, VRAM: 0.9GB, Context: 2K, License: apache-2.0, HF Score: 31.6, LLM Explorer Score: 0.2, Arc: 26.2, HellaSwag: 40.9, MMLU: 27.3, TruthfulQA: 41.2, WinoGrande: 53.1, GSM8K: 0.7.

  Arxiv:2101.00027   Arxiv:2201.07311   Arxiv:2304.01373   Dataset:eleutherai/pile   Deploy:azure   En   Endpoints compatible   Gpt neox   Pythia   Pytorch   Region:us   Safetensors
Model Card on HF 🤗: https://huggingface.co/EleutherAI/pythia-410m 

Pythia 410M Benchmarks

MMLU Pro: 1.42
GPQA: 1.23
MUSR: 3.06
BBH: 2.72
IFEval: 21.95 vs 88 (so35)-75.1%
ARC: 26.19 vs 96.7 (so35)-72.9%
HellaSwag: 40.85 vs 95.3 (gpt4)-57.1%
MMLU: 27.25 vs 88.3 (so35)-69.1%
TruthfulQA: 41.22 vs 59 (gpt4)-30.1%
WinoGrande: 53.12 vs 87.5 (gpt4)-39.3%
GSM8K: 0.68 vs 96.4 (so35)-99.3%
MATH Lvl 5: 0.98
LLME Score: 0.19544
nn.n% — How the model compares to the reference models: Anthropic Sonnet 3.5 ("so35"), GPT-4o ("gpt4o") or GPT-4 ("gpt4").
Pythia 410M (EleutherAI/pythia-410m)
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Pythia 410M Parameters and Internals

Model Type 
Transformer-based Language Model
Use Cases 
Areas:
Research
Primary Use Cases:
Behavior and functionality research of large language models
Limitations:
Not suitable for human-facing deployment, translation or generating text in other languages
Considerations:
Conduct risk and bias assessments when using in downstream applications.
Additional Notes 
Pythia-410M is not tuned for downstream applications like commercial chatbots.
Supported Languages 
en (Primary language - English)
Training Details 
Data Sources:
The Pile
Data Volume:
299,892,736,000 tokens
Methodology:
Trained with uniform batch size of 2M tokens. Used Flash Attention. Learning rate schedule decayed to a minimum of 0.1× maximum LR.
Training Time:
143000 steps at a batch size of 2M
Model Architecture:
Transformer-based
Responsible Ai Considerations 
Fairness:
Biases regarding gender, religion, and race documented in Section 6 of the Pile paper.
Transparency:
Model outputs should not be relied upon for factual accuracy.
Accountability:
Users responsible for evaluating and informing audiences about generated outputs.
Mitigation Strategies:
Implement risk and bias assessments when using in downstream applications.
Input Output 
Input Format:
Text string
Accepted Modalities:
text
Output Format:
Text string
Performance Tips:
Always evaluate the outputs for factual accuracy and potential biases.
Release Notes 
Date:
January 2023
Notes:
Pythia models were renamed and parameter counts adjusted for clarity.
Version:
Pythia v0
Notes:
Early version with hyperparameter discrepancies.
LLM NamePythia 410M
Repository 🤗https://huggingface.co/EleutherAI/pythia-410m 
Model Size410m
Required VRAM0.9 GB
Updated2026-04-10
MaintainerEleutherAI
Model Typegpt_neox
Model Files  0.9 GB   0.9 GB
Supported Languagesen
Model ArchitectureGPTNeoXForCausalLM
Licenseapache-2.0
Context Length2048
Model Max Length2048
Transformers Version4.24.0
Tokenizer ClassGPTNeoXTokenizer
Vocabulary Size50304
Torch Data Typefloat16

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Rank the Pythia 410M Capabilities

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Instruction Following and Task Automation  
Factuality and Completeness of Knowledge  
Censorship and Alignment  
Data Analysis and Insight Generation  
Text Generation  
Text Summarization and Feature Extraction  
Code Generation  
Multi-Language Support and Translation  

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